â-thalassemia is a single gene disorder requiring regular multi-blood transfusions. In patients with ß-thalassemia major impaired biosynthesis of the beta globin leads to accumulation of unpaired alpha-globin chain. Repeated blood transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis and increased gastrointestinal iron absorption lead to iron overload in the body. Thus shortened red cell lifespan and iron overload cause functional abnormalities in various organ systems. An attempt was made to study hematological and biochemical parameters in ß-thalassemia major patients in order to assess the present status of their organ functions as well as test for transfusion transmitted infection (HBV, HCV & HIV) were performed, for this blood samples were collected just before scheduled blood transfusion from 58 ß-thalassemia major children who were on regular blood transfusion and chelation therapy and 50 blood samples from healthy children belonging to same age group.